I 1887 Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch og JH Weber publiserte en av de første publikasjonene på nomenklatur av heterosykluser . Et år senere publiserte Oskar Widman en artikkel som uavhengig foreslo en nomenklatur for heterosykliske med utgangspunkt i de samme prinsippene som de som ble beskrevet av Hantzsch. En syntese samt en utvidelse av disse metodene ble utført på 1940-tallet. Denne nomenklaturen ble vedtatt av IUPAC i 1957 og har siden blitt revidert og supplert av en kommisjon for IUPAC.
Tekst:
Ved hver (X, Y), tabell med type heteroatom i kolonne og antall heteroatom i rad.
I det spesielle tilfellet av en ring (X, Y) som inneholder X heteroatomer av samme type, er denne ringen ikke lenger strengt tatt en heterosyklus - den inneholder ikke lenger et karbonatom - og i tilfelle der denne ringen ikke lenger inneholder ethvert hydrogenatom som i tetraazet eller heksaselenan, er det fremfor alt en allotrop av dette heteroatom (element).
cyklopropan
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | aziridin (aziran) | fosfiran | arsirane | oksiran ( epoksy ) | tiiran ( episulfid ) | seleniran (episelenid) |
2 | diaziridin | difosfiran | diarsiran | dioksiran | dithiirane | diseleniran |
3 | triaziridin | - | - | trioxiran | trithiirane | - |
cyklopropen
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se | B |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | azirin (azirene) | fosforen | arsirene | oksiren | thiirene | selenirene | borirene |
2 | diazirene | difosfiren | diarsirene | - | - | - | - |
3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
syklobutan
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | azetidin (azetan) | fosfetan | arsetan | oksetan | thietane | selenetan |
2 | 1,2-diazetidin (diazetan) 1,3-diazetidin |
1,2-difosfetan 1,3-difosfetan |
1,3-diarsetan |
1,2-dioksetan 1,3-dioksetan |
1,2-ditietan 1,3-ditietan |
1,2-diselenetan 1,3-diselenetan |
3 | - | trifosfetan | - | trioksetan | tritietan | triselenetan |
4 | - | tetrafosfetan | - | tetraoksetan | tetrathietane | - |
syklobuten
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | azetin | dihydrofosfat (fosfatin) | dihydroarset | oxet | thiète | selenetus |
2 | 1,2-diazetin 1,3-diazetin |
dihydrodifosfete | - | 1,2-diokset 1,3-diokset |
1,2-dithiet 1,3-dithiet |
1,2-diselenet |
3 | triazetin | dihydrotrifosfat | - | - | - | - |
4 | - | dihydrotetrafosfet | - | - | - | - |
syklobutadien
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | azete | fosfet | arsète | oksetium | thietium | - |
2 | 1,2-diazete 1,3-diazete |
1,2-difosfet 1,3-difosfet |
1,2-diarsett 1,3-diarsett |
- | - | - |
3 | triazet | trifosfet | - | - | - | - |
4 | tetraazet | tetrafosfet | - | - | - | - |
cyklopentan
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | azolidin (azolan) | fosfolan | arsenolidin | tetrahydrofuran ( oksolan ) | thiolan | selenolan |
2 | 1,2-diazolidin (pyrazolidin) 1,3-diazolidin (imidazolidin) (diazolan) |
- | - | 1,2-dioksolan 1,3-dioksolan |
1,2-ditiolan 1,3-ditiolan |
1,2-diselenolan 1,3-diselenolan |
3 | 1,2,3-triazolidin 1,2,4-triazolidin (1,2,4-triazolan) |
- | - | 1,2,3-trioxolane 1,2,4-trioxolane |
1,2,3-tritiolan 1,2,4-tritiolan |
1,2,4-triselenolan |
4 | tetrazolidin (tetrazolan) | - | - | tetraoksolan | tetrathiolan | tetraselenolan |
5 | pentazolidin (cyklopentaazan eller pentazolan) | - | cyklopentaarsine | pentaoxolane | pentathiolan | pentaselenolan |
cyklopenten
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1- azolin (1-pyrrolin) 2-azoline (2-pyrroline) 3-azoline (3-pyrroline) |
dihydrofosfol | arsoline | oksol (dihydrofuran) | dihydrotiofen (tiole) |
dihydroselenofen (selenol) |
2 | 1,2-diazolin (pyrazolin) 1,3-diazolin (imidazolin) |
dihydrodifosfol (difosfolin) |
- | 1,2-dioksol 1,3-dioksol |
ditiole | - |
3 | 1,2,3-triazolin 1,2,4-triazolin |
- | - | trioksol | trithiole | - |
4 | tetrazolin | - | - | - | - | - |
5 | pentazolin | - | - | - | - | - |
cyklopentadien
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | azol ( pyrrol ) | fosfol | arsole | furan | tiofen | selenofen |
2 | 1,2-diazol (pyrazol) 1,3-diazol ( imidazol ) |
difosfol | diarsole | - | - | - |
3 | 1,2,3- triazol (V-triazol) 1,2,4-triazol (S-triazol) |
trifosfol | triarsole | - | - | - |
4 | tetrazol | tetrafosfol | tetraarsole | - | - | - |
5 | pentazol | pentafosfol | - | - | - | - |
cykloheksan
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | piperidin (azinan) | fosfinan | arsinane | oksan ( tetrahydropyran ) | thiane | selenan |
2 | 1,3-diazinane piperazin (1,4-diazinane) |
1,2-difosfinan 1,3-difosinan 1,4-difosfinan |
- | 1, X- dioksan , X = 2.3.4 | 1, X- ditian , X = 2,3,4 | 1, X-diselenan, X = 2.3.4 |
3 | 1,2,3-triazinan 1,2,4-triazinan 1,3,5-triazinan |
1,2,3-trifosfinan 1,2,4-trifosfinan 1,3,5-trifosfinan |
1,3,5-triarsinan | 1,2,4- trioksan 1,3,5-trioksan |
1,3,5-trithiane | 1,3,5-triselenan |
4 | 1,2,4,5-tetrazinan | 1,2,3,4-tetrafosfinan 1,2,4,5-tetrafosfinan |
- | 1,2,4,5-tetraoksan | 1,2,4,5-tetratian | 1,2,4,5-tetraselenan |
5 | - | pentafosfinan | - | pentaoksan | pentatisk | - |
6 | - | heksafosfinan | - | heksaoksan | heksatisk | selen cykloheksamer (heksaselenan) |
cykloheksen
IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | (tetrahydropyridin) 1-piperidein 2-piperidein 3-piperidein |
1,2,3,6-tetrahydrofosfinin | - | 2,3-dihydro-2H-pyran 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran |
dihydrotiapyran (3,4-dihydro-2H-tiopyran) δ-dihydrotiapyran (3,6-dihydro-2H-tiopyran) |
2,3-dihydroselinin |
2 | 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridazin 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridazin 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin 1,2,5 , 6-tetrahydropyrimidin 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazin 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrazin |
- | - | 3,4-dihydro-1,2-dioksin 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dioksin 2,4-dihydro-1,3-dioksin 2,3-dihydro-1,4-dioksin |
1,2- d i t hia c yclo h ex-4-en (1,2-dtch-4) 3,4-dihydrodithin = 1,2-dtch-5 4H-1,3-dithine = 1,3- dtch-4 2,3-dihydro-1,4-ditin = 1,4-dtch-2 |
dihydrodiselinin |
3 | 1,4,5,6-tetrahydrotriazin 1,2,5,6-tetrahydrotriazin 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrotriazin 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin 2,3,4, 5-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin 1,2,3 4-tetrahydro-1,3,5-triazin |
- | - | trioksin | 4H-1,2,3-trithine 1,2,4-trithine |
- |
4 | 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,2,3,4-tetrazin 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,2,3,4-tetrazin 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1, 2,3,4-tetrazin 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,3,4-tetrazin 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,2,3,5-tetrazin 2,3,4 , 5-tetrahydro-1,2,3,5-tetrazin 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,3,5-tetrazin 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4,5 -tetrazin 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazin |
- | - | tetraoksin | tetratin (1,2,3,4-tetratin) | - |
5 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
6 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
cykloheksadien
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | dihydroazin | 1,2-dihydrofosfinin 1,4-dihydrofosfinin |
- | 2H- pyran 4H-pyran |
2H-tiin (tiapyran) 4H-tiin |
2H-selenin (selenapyran) 4H-selenin |
2 | dihydrodiazin | dihydrodifosfinin | 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diarsinin |
1,2-dioksin 1,4-dioksin |
1,2-ditin 1,4-ditin |
1,2-diselinin 1,4-diselinin |
3 | dihydrotriazin | - | - | - | - | - |
4 | dihydrotetrazin | - | - | - | - | - |
5 | dihydropentazin | - | - | - | - | - |
6 | dihydroheksazin | - | - | - | - | - |
benzen
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | azin ( pyridin ) | fosfinin ( fosfor ) | arsinin | pyranium | thiinium | seleninium (benzaselen kation) |
2 | 1,2- diazin ( pyridazin ) 1,3-diazin ( pyrimidin ) 1,4-diazin ( pyrazin ) |
1, X-difosfinin, X = 2.3.4 | - | - | 1,3-ditiinium 1,4-ditiinium |
- |
3 | 1,2,3- triazin 1,2,4-triazin 1,3,5-triazin |
1,3,5-trifosfinin | - | - | - | - |
4 | 1,2,3,4- tetrazin 1,2,3,5 -tetrazin 1,2,4,5-tetrazin |
1,2,4,5-tetrafosfinin | - | - | - | - |
5 | pentazin | - | - | - | - | - |
6 | heksazin | heksafosfinin | - | - | - | - |
cykloheptan
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | azepan | fosfepan | arsepane | oksepan | thiepane | selenepane |
2 | diazepane | difosepan | - | dioksepan | dithiepane | diselenepane |
3 | triazepane | - | - | trioxepane | trithiepane | triselenepane |
4 | tetraazepan | - | - | tetraoksepan | tetrathiepane | tetraselenepane |
5 | - | - | - | - | pentathiepane | - |
6 | - | - | - | - | heksathiepane | - |
7 | - | - | - | - | heptathiepane (heptasulfur) | heptaselenepane (cycloheptaselenium) |
cykloheptatrien
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se | B |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | azepin | fosfepin | arsepine | oxepin | tynnen | selenepin | borepin |
2 | diazepin | difosfepin | - | dioxepinium dioxepin tilsvarer en syklus (7,2) |
dithiepinium dithiepin tilsvarer en syklus (7,2) |
samme nomenklatur som O eller S | - |
3 | triazepin | trifosfepin | - | 1,2,3-trioxepine = syklus (7,2) 1,3,5-trioxepine = syklus (7,1) |
Samme | - | - |
4 | tetraazepin | - | - | - | 1,2,3,4- tetratiepin = syklus (7,1) | - | - |
5 | - | - | - | - | 1,2,3,4,5- pentatiepin = syklus (7,1) | - | - |
6 | heksaazepin | - | - | - | - | - | - |
7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
cyklooktan
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | azokan | fosfokan | arsocane | oksokan | thiocane | selenocane |
2 | diazocane | difosfokan | - | 1,3-dioksokan | 1,2-ditiokan 1,3-ditiokan 1,5-ditiokan |
1,2-selenocane 1,5-selenocane |
3 | triazocane | trifosfokan | ? | ? | ? | ? |
4 | 1,3,5,7-tetraazocane 1,2,5,6-tetraazocane |
? | ? | ? | ? | 1,3,5,7-tetraselenocane |
5 | - | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
6 | - | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
7 | - | ? | ? | ? | heptathiocan | ? |
8 | - | ? | ? | ? | ring S 8 | ? |
cyklooktatrien
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | dihydroazocin | ? | ? | oxocin | tiocin | ? |
2 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
3 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
4 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
5 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
6 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
7 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
cyclooctatetraene
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | azocine | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
2 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
3 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
4 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
5 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
6 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
7 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
syklononatetraene
heteroatom | IKKE | P | Ess | O | S | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | azonin | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
2 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
3 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
4 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
5 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
6 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
7 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |